Egypt’s Wheat Imports from Russia Rose in March despite War

Egypt received 479,195 tonnes of wheat from Russia in March, 24% up from the same month last year, according to freight data seen by Reuters. Ukrainian wheat imports stood at 124,500 tonnes, down 42% year-on-year.

"Russian ports remained open," said Mohammed El Gammal, a Cairo-based grains consultant for the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organisation and U.S. Wheat Associates.

"Shipping slowed a little in late February and it picked up in March, whether for new contracts or old ones signed before the invasion."

Egypt relies heavily on Black Sea wheat due to its quality, cost and proximity, traders say. In 2021, Egypt imported around 80% of its wheat from Russia and Ukraine.

Since the Feb. 24 invasion, wheat importers in Egypt have faced record-high prices, payment complications due to sanctions against Russia, and disruptions to Black Sea wheat shipments, especially from Ukraine.

Although sanctions exclude food, traders say banks are reluctant to finance wheat imports from Russia.

Importers are still "trying to figure out a secured channel" for payments of already-delivered Russian cargoes, said one trader who imports to Egypt.

A second trader said some cargoes were paid for because they were purchased before the invasion, and that cases were being resolved individually through negotiations with banks.

Egypt's milling industry is highly accustomed to Russian and Ukrainian wheat, said Cairo-based trader Hesham Soliman. "They'll always give it priority as long as it's available," he said.

But purchases of private sector wheat imports from alternative suppliers have continued, despite higher prices, traders say.

They have secured unusual wheat shipments from France, Brazil, Lithuania and Bulgaria, according to Reuters shipping data, and are also expecting a rare shipment from Germany, which traders say hasn't supplied Egypt for several years.

Egypt's state grains buyer, the General Authority for Supply Commodities (GASC), cancelled two tenders as prices soared after the invasion and has indicated it would return to the market in mid-May.

Wheat reserves have dropped to 2.6 months' supply, well below recent levels and government targets of six months, but officials say they should rise again with procurement from the local harvest, which starts this month.

GASC supplies wheat for heavily subsidised bread available to tens of millions of Egyptians. The government has said it will also support the commercial sector after setting price caps for unsubsidised bread.

Wheat imports by Egypt's private sector overtook those by GASC in 2021, reaching around 60% of the total.